Learn how to apply the Kellogg Foundation Logic Model to plan, execute, and evaluate programs effectively. Understand how inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes connect to drive real results.
When it comes to program planning and evaluation, having a clear roadmap is essential. The Kellogg Foundation Logic Model provides that structure. Used by nonprofits, educational institutions, and health organizations alike, this model simplifies the complexity of program development. It helps teams stay focused on what matters—achieving measurable, meaningful outcomes.
What is the Kellogg Foundation Logic Model?
At its core, the Kellogg Logic Model is a practical, visual tool that helps you map out how a program is intended to work. Developed by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, it connects your resources, actions, and goals in a logical sequence, so you can track progress and make informed decisions.
It breaks down into five key components:
Inputs – The resources available for your program, such as funding, staff, time, or partnerships.
Activities – The specific tasks or interventions carried out using those resources (e.g., training sessions, events).
Outputs – Direct results of your activities, like the number of sessions delivered or materials shared.
Outcomes – The short, medium-, and long-term changes resulting from your program—behavioral, educational, or societal.
Impact – The broader, lasting change your program aims to achieve over time.
Why Use the Kellogg Logic Model?
This model is more than just a visual—it’s a thinking tool. Here’s how it supports successful program execution:
Clear Planning: It allows you to logically link goals with the steps needed to reach them.
Better Communication: It’s easier to explain your program to funders, partners, and your internal team.
Stronger Evaluation: It builds a framework to assess progress at every stage.
Improved Accountability: You can see what’s working and where adjustments are needed.
Step-by-Step: How to Build a Kellogg Logic Model
1. Define the Problem or Situation
Begin by clarifying the issue you aim to address. This provides the foundation for everything that follows.
2. Identify Your Inputs
List all resources you have available: financial support, staff, tools, materials, and any community partners.
3. Outline the Activities
What actions will you take to solve the problem? This could include events, services, workshops, or outreach efforts.
4. Specify Your Outputs
These are the measurable products of your work—like the number of people trained or materials distributed.
5. Describe the Expected Outcomes
Think in phases:
Short-term: Immediate changes in knowledge or awareness.
Mid-term: Shifts in behavior or practice.
Long-term: Sustainable changes in conditions or systems.
6. Define the Intended Impact
Look at the big picture. What’s the ultimate, long-lasting benefit your program hopes to deliver?
Example: Using the Logic Model in an Education Program
Imagine you’re leading a literacy initiative for elementary students:
Inputs: A literacy grant, trained teachers, volunteers, and books.
Activities: Weekly reading sessions, parent workshops, and after-school reading programs.
Outputs: 50 sessions conducted, 100 parents reached.
Short-Term Outcomes: Improved student reading habits.
Mid-Term Outcomes: Higher reading scores on standardized tests.
Long-Term Outcomes: Community-wide improvement in literacy rates.
Impact: Better educational opportunities and long-term academic achievement.
Tips for Making the Most of the Logic Model
Be Clear and Specific: Use measurable, results-oriented language to define each element.
Keep it Flexible: Programs evolve—update your logic model as needed.
Include Your Team: Collaborate with staff, partners, and beneficiaries to build a shared understanding.
Review Regularly: Revisit the model often to track progress and adjust strategies.
Avoid These Common Mistakes
Leaving Out Key Components: Don’t skip inputs or outputs—they’re the foundation for everything else.
Confusing Actions with Outcomes: Make sure to separate what you do from what changes as a result.
Overloading the Model: Simplicity matters—focus on what’s most important to your program.
Make Your Strategy Work for You
The Kellogg Foundation Logic Model is more than just a diagram—it’s a mindset. By thoughtfully mapping your resources, activities, and expected results, you can lead your program with greater confidence and purpose. Whether you’re designing a new initiative or evaluating an existing one, this model gives you the structure you need to achieve real, lasting impact. Ready to apply the Kellogg Logic Model to your program? Visit Otteri—a practical learning platform where you can explore a wide range of ready-to-use logic models. Whether you’re just getting started or fine-tuning a project, Otteri helps you learn by example and build with clarity. Start planning smarter—only on Otteri!